[b]Ten Heresies Against the Trinity[/b]
Some good information to have. I apologize for all the tedious "isms", but sometimes we just have to eat those yucky vegetables to get the reinforcement our body needs.
May the Lord protect us from error.
[b]Tritheism[/b] says there are three gods. This is taught by several polytheistic religions who place their triad at the top of their pantheon, such as Hinduism (Brahman, Vishnu and Shiva) and Egyptianism (Osiris, Isis and Horus). But: Scripture says there is only one God.
[b]Unitarianism[/b] says there is only one God in one Person, namely the Father alone. It explicitly denies the Trinity and deity of Christ, and makes the Spirit an impersonal force. It is related to [b]Arianism[/b], which said that Jesus was the first and highest created being, who had a similar but not the same nature as the Father. Unitarianism is held to by Jehovah's Witnesses andother cults, the Unitarian Church, and many Liberals. But: The Bible teaches the full deity of the Son and the personality and deity of the Spirit.
[b]Subordinationism[/b] says that even in His deity, the Son is subordinate to the Father. Some even say that He is eternally subordinate to the Spirit, though others say the Spirit is subordinate to the Son. But: This heresy arises from a misunderstanding of Eternal Generation and Procession. All three are equally God. The Son is subordinate to the Father only in His humanity. There cannot be a lesser member of the Trinity any more than there can be a lesser infinity or eternity.
[b]Sabellianism[/b] says that the only difference between the three is that of roles: the same divine person wore the Father hat in the Old Testament, the Son hat for 33 years, and has worn the Spirit hat since Pentecost. This heresy is also known as [b]Modalism[/b], [b]Oneness[/b], [b]Jesus Only[/b], and [b]Monarchianism[/b]. It is called [b]Patripassionism[/b] when it teaches that the Father died on the Cross. This heresy is held by various extreme Pentecostals, such as the United Pentecostal Church and some of the Apostolic Pentecostals. It denies Eternal Generation and Procession, and says there is only one person in God. Yet it does not deny either the deity or personality of Jesus or the Spirit. But: We have already shown the differences between the three. Also, this heresy would utterly confuse Christ's Baptism, His prayers, the Transfiguration, the atonement, Pentecost, and many other events involving all three (see below).
[b]Christomonism[/b] is in some ways similar to Sabellianism, for it tends to place the Son at the apex of the Godhead, thereby virtually ignoring or subordinating the Father and the Spirit. Karl Barth bordered on a form of this. But: All three are equal in all respects.
[b]Eunomianism[/b] says that the Father created the Son, and the Son in turn created the Spirit. This is related to [b]Macedonianism[/b] (also known as [b]Pneumatichoism[/b]), which denies the deity and personality of the Spirit, but does not necessarily deny the deity of the Son. But: Jesus and the Spirit are both eternal and uncreated God.
[b]Mormonism[/b] says that the Father is Elohim and the Son is Jehovah, but neither are eternal. Both were once humans before becoming divine, thus setting the example whereby other men can become gods. But: This is a polytheism that borders on Hinduism. Jesus was eternally God and in time became the God-Man. The Father has never been a man, nor has the Spirit. Also, "Jehovah" and "Elohim" are virtually synonymous in Scripture (Deut. 6:4, etc.).
[b]Temporal Generationism[/b] rejects the doctrine of Eternal Generation and says that though Jesus is God, He is not "Son" except by virtue of the Incarnation and Virgin Birth. This view is perhaps the least dangerous of the errors regarding the Trinity, and has been held by various Evangelicals and Calvinists, such as Thomas Ridgeley. J. Oliver Buswell held to an odd view: he believed in Eternal Sonship but not Eternal Generation, even though orthodox theologians equate the two. But: Jesus was eternally begotten by the Father before He was begotten by means of the Father through Spirit in time in the Incarnation.
[b]Dualism[/b] says there are two gods ([b]Bitheism[/b]) or two equal but opposite forces in God (Zoroastrianism, Buddhist Yin-Yang, 'Star Wars' dual-sided Force, etc.). [b]Armstrongism[/b] teaches that the Father and Son are gods, but the Spirit is not. But: God is three-in- one, not two-in-one. Nor can we even think that Satan is God's equal opposite.
[b]Quadtheism[/b] or [b]Quadinity[/b] says that there are four gods or four persons in God. [b]Romanism[/b] borders on this by giving Mary attributes and roles that belong only to God. Some cults virtually deify their leaders, thereby inserting him or her into the Godhead (e.g., Jim Jones, Sun Myung Moon, etc.). But: God is three-in-one (Matt. 28:19), not four-in-one.
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