The Bible [b]CLEARLY[/b] teaches the foreknowledge of God! God foreknows ALL future certainties as certain and God foreknows ALL future possibilities as possible.
Not everything is predetermined. Anything that is determined is certain, anything that is not yet determined but is open is possible. God foreknows everything that is now certain or determined and God foreknows everything that is now open or possible.
And God is Omniscient! God knows all that can be known. Anything that is an object of knowledge is known by Omniscience. And as soon as anything new becomes an object of knowledge, it is known to Omniscience. God always knows everything that there is to know.
Before I had ever read any book on Open Theology, I was convinced that the bible teaches that the future is at least partly open because of Jonah chapter 3. Then I examined multiple other passages that taught that the future was at least partly open like Jeremiah 18. I realized that I couldn't argue with the bible!
To say that the future is partly open is to say that there are contingencies (because of freewill) and that not everything done in history was a certainty. And the bible clearly teaches the contingency of human action, Jeremiah 18 is a perfect example of that. Not everything is certain or predetermined, but we ourselves are self-determining individuals with freewill with the power of contingent choice!
But a topic like this requires much studying. I recommend reading the scriptures on it and also reading what Open Theologians actually say about it themselves.
I recommend:
- God of the Possible by Gregory Boyd
Gregory Boyd is a modern Baptist Pastor, Professor, and Author. He has a PHD from Princeton I believe.
- The Foreknowledge of God by Gordon Olson
- The Omniscience of God by Gordon Olson
Gordon Olson used to give theological lectures as Last Days Ministries, Agape Force, and YWAM. He was considered the "Grand Father" of these ministries.
- Cosmic Chess by Winkie Pratney
Winkie Pratney has been speaking to youth for 30 years. He is a well known author on the topic of revival and theology.
- Divine Nescience of Future Contingencies a Necessity by L D McCabe
- The Foreknowledge of God, and Cognate Themes in Theologyand Philosophy," by L D McCabe
McCabe was a Methodist Theologian in the 18th Century, a professor of both philosophy and theology.
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Here is the appendix of one of Gordon Olson's books on this topic.
Appendix 1 shows that the future is [b][u]PARTLY OPEN [/b][/u]
Appendix 2 shows that the future is [b][u]PARTLY DETERMINED[/b][/u]
And of coarse, what is open is [b]foreknown as possible[/b] and what is determined is [b]foreknown as certain.[/b]
FROM GORDON OLSON:
APPENDIX 1. SCRIPTURE PASSAGES THAT DO NOT
SUPPORT ABSOLUTE FOREKNOWLEDGE
Passages of Scripture requiring a DENIAL of the supposed fact, that all the future acts of God and
man are now known to God, and have been so from eternal ages past:
Genesis Psalms
2:17 (1:5; 5:5) 14:2 (53:2)
6:5-7 (1:31) 78:21-22, 58-61
18:20-21, 22-33 106:23, 44-45
22:1, 12
Exodus
16:4
32:7-14, 30-35
33:5
Numbers
11:1
14:11-24, 27-35
16:20-35, 44-48
Deuteronomy
8:2
9:13-14, 18-19, 20, 25-29
(10:10)
13:1-3
Judges
2:18, 20-22 (3:4)
10:13-16
I Samuel
2:30 (3:12-14)
13:13-14
15:11, 23, 26, 35
(28:18; 8:4-9, 22; 12:13-19)
II Samuel
7:10-11
12:22 (14)
24:12-16 (1), 25
I Kings
9:3, 4-9
11:11-13
21:27-29 (21-22)
II Kings
20:1-7
23:26-27 (I Kings 9:3)
I Chronicles
17:9-10
21:7-14, 15 (1)(II Sam. 24:1)
II Chronicles
7:16
12:5-8, 32:31
Job
2:3
41
Isaiah 5:3-7
38:1-5 (II Kings 20:1-7)
Jeremiah
3:6-8
18:7-10
26:2-3, 4-6, 12-13, 18-19
Ezekiel
12: 1-3
20:8-9, 13-14, 15-17, 21-22
22:30
24:14
Hosea
8:5
Joel
2:12-14
Amos
5:14-15, 7:1-3, 4-6
Jonah
1:2
3:2, 4-10
4:2
Zechariah
8:14-15
Matthew
10:2-4 (Mark 3:13-19; Luke 6:12-16;
(see previous discussion concerning Judas)
19:28
Mark
13:32 (Mt. 24:36; Acts 1:7; I Cor. 11:3)
Acts
15:7
Revelation
3:5
17:8 (13:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27)
22:18-19
APPENDIX 2. SCRIPTURE PASSAGES THAT
SUPPORT ABSOLUTE FOREKNOWLEDGE
The best passages of Scripture that can be found to SUPPORT the doctrine of the absolute
foreknowledge of God, realizing that the many prophecies are merely revelations of what God has
determined to bring to pass in His guidance of world affairs, are as follows:
Genesis 6:64, 70-71
15:13-15 12:32-34
16:12 13:18-19, 21, 26
17:20 17:12
25:23 19:24, 28, 36, 37
Numbers 21:18-19
23:19
Deuteronomy
31:16-21,
29 (21, 27)
I Samuel
15:29
I Kings
13:2 (II Kings 22:1; 23:15-16)
Psalms
22:16, 18
69:21
Isaiah
44:28-45:7
46:9-11
52:13-15
53:1-12
Jeremiah
1:5
25:11, 12
29:10-14
Zechariah
12:10
Malachi
3:6
Matthew
16:21
20:17-19
21:1-5
24:1-25:46
26:31, 34
27:9
Mark
9:31
14:13-16
Luke
24:25-27, 44-47
John
HOME PAGE 44
Acts
2:23
13:29
Romans
8:28-30
11:2
I Corinthians
2:7
Galatians
3:8
Ephesians
1:3-5, 11
3:11
II Thessalonians
2:3-4, 13-14
I Timothy
4:1-3
II Timothy
1:9-10
I Peter
1:1-2, 20
Revelation
1:1,7
2:10
4:1
6:11
7:4-8, 9, 14
9:20-21 (16:9, 11)
11:2-12, 13
12:6, 7-9
13:1-7, 8, 11-18
14:20
17:7, 8, 12
19:19-21
20:1-3, 7-10
22:6
This would make for a great bible study on the [b][u]NATURE[/b][/u] of the future.
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And this is a bible study that I put together relating to this topic:
Scriptures attributing succession to the experience of God; actively creating that which previously was non-existent, experiencing the sequence of emotions, making new plans, changing old plans, not hearing then succeeding to hearing His people, etc:
Gen 1:1-31, Gen 6:6, Gen 22:12, Exo 32:14, Num 11:1-2, Num 14:12-20, Num 16:20-35, Num 16:41-48, Jud 2:18, Jud 10:13-16, 1Sam 8:18, 1Sam 15:35, 1Sam 23:10-13, 2Sam 24:12-16, 2Sam 24:17-25, 1Kings 21:21-29, 2Kings 13:3-5, 1Chron 21:15, 2Chron 7:12-14, Isaiah 46:9-10, Isaiah 38:4-5, Jer 7:5-7, Jer 26:19, Jer 38:17-18, Jer 38:21, Eze 20:5-22, Eze 33:13-15, Hos 11:8-9, Jonah 3:10, Amo 7:3-6, Job 35:13, Ps 7:11, Ps 40:5, Ps 66:18, Matt 25:41, Acts 15:7, Acts 21:10-12, 2Pet 3:8