Hi apt607,
That is a very interesting question indeed.
This is what I believe.
A Lawyer asked Jesus about what he should do to inherit eternal life.
Although Luke mentions the fact that the lawyer was testing Jesus and to some that might give the impression that the question was not genuine, I believe that Jesus treated him as if he was being genuine. And I also believe that Jesus would give the same answer if anybody would ask Him the same question.
Now, Doesn't it make you wonder why would Jesus mention the Law?
More strangelly yet, was the answer that Jesus gave after the lawyer had replied to His question about the law.
He said,
Luke 10:28 And He said to him, "You have answered rightly; do this and you will live."
Now, your question was, what law was Jesus talking about?
Well I could give you some clues.
In Deuteronomy 5, Moses reread the law to the israelites and on chapter six Moses said that this is the essence of the Ten Commandments:
Deuteronomy 6:4-6 4 " Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one! 5 "You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength. 6 " And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart.
Deuteronomy 10:12-17 " And now, Israel, what does the LORD your God require of you, but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in all His ways and to love Him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13 "and to keep the commandments of the LORD and His statutes which I command you today for your good? 14 "Indeed heaven and the highest heavens belong to the LORD your God, also the earth with all that is in it. 15 "The LORD delighted only in your fathers, to love them; and He chose their descendants after them, you above all peoples, as it is this day. 16 "Therefore circumcise the foreskin of your heart, and be stiff-necked no longer. 17 "For the LORD your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great God, mighty and awesome, who shows no partiality nor takes a bribe.
Note that this was said by moses refering to the Ten commandments.
and again.
Deuteronomy 13:3-4 "you shall not listen to the words of that prophet or that dreamer of dreams, for the LORD your God is testing you to know whether you love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul. 4 "You shall walk after the LORD your God and fear Him, and keep His commandments and obey His voice, and you shall serve Him and hold fast to Him.
Deuteronomy 30:6-8 "And the LORD your God will circumcise your heart and the heart of your descendants, to love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, that you may live. 7 "Also the LORD your God will put all these curses on your enemies and on those who hate you, who persecuted you. 8 "And you will again obey the voice of the LORD and do all His commandments which I command you today.
This was also said by Joshua,
Joshua 22:5-6 "But take careful heed to do the commandment and the law which Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, to love the LORD your God, to walk in all His ways, to keep His commandments, to hold fast to Him, and to serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul." 6 So Joshua blessed them and sent them away, and they went to their tents.
these were all taken from the old Testament, but Here is Jesus refering to the comandments, the same commandments that He told the lawyer to obey so that He could Live.
Matthew 22:35-40 Then one of them, a lawyer, asked Him a question, testing Him, and saying, 36 "Teacher, which is the great commandment in the law?" 37 Jesus said to him, " 'You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.' 38 "This is the first and great commandment. 39 "And the second is like it: 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' 40 "On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets."
Matthew tell us about this Lawyer that tested Jesus by asking about the the greatests commandments of the Law.
and Jesus is the one that answers the Lawyer by telling Him what the greatest commandments are.
Luke in the other hand tells a story which was totally the opposite.
On luke's account, the Lawyer asked Jesus how to enter into eternal life.
Here Jesus was the One that bring the Law up and asks the lawyer was does the law says?
and the lawyer is the one the tells Jesus what is written on the law.
the account of Matthew 22:35
and the account of Luke 10:26
Is it the same story? I don't know.
One thing I know, it is about Jesus and a lawyer, but the facts are in reverse.
could there be more than an occasion that a lawyer tested Jesus? I don't know either but it could be possible.
One thing apt607, I can say for sure.
Jesus, when asked about the greatest commandments, repeated the same words that Moses told the israelites after rereading the Ten commandments, at least in regard the greatest commandment.
So, My answer to you in regard to what Law was Jesus talking about in Luke 10:26
is, The Ten Commandments.
because the same words that Jesus said: do this and you will live.
was said in here.
Nehemiah 9:29 And testified against them, That You might bring them back to Your law. Yet they acted proudly, And did not heed Your commandments, But sinned against Your judgments, 'Which if a man does, he shall live by them.' And they shrugged their shoulders, Stiffened their necks, And would not hear.
Ezekiel 20:11-14 "And I gave them My statutes and showed them My judgments, 'which, if a man does, he shall live by them.' 12 "Moreover I also gave them My Sabbaths, to be a sign between them and Me, that they might know that I am the LORD who sanctifies them. 13 "Yet the house of Israel rebelled against Me in the wilderness; they did not walk in My statutes; they despised My judgments, 'which, if a man does, he shall live by them'; and they greatly defiled My Sabbaths. Then I said I would pour out My fury on them in the wilderness, to consume them. 14 "But I acted for My name's sake, that it should not be profaned before the Gentiles, in whose sight I had brought them out.
Dear apt607, please do not think that I am preaching salvation by the works of the law.
Justification is only by faith and faith in Jesus Christ, but One has to repent and confess His sins and turn away from them, and as Jesus said Himself:
We have to love the LORD our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind,' and 'our neighbor as ourselves.' "
and that is exactly what the Ten Commandments shows us.
It shows us how we are going to love our God and our neighbour.
I hope this answers your question.
DHL