Are they interchangeable?
No.
If a husband has asked his wife to submit to a decision he has made but her father has different view, what then?
Godly husband first. It's less simple if the husband does not know the Lord, and the father does, but, still, the order of scripture would indicate 1 Cor 7:13 that the grace of God enables the wife to stay in that situation
[u]and[/u] honour God. I believe she has the spiritual authority, until her husband submits to Christ, and naturally, having left her father to marry, is not bound to 'obey' her father more than God. However, if her father knows the Lord, he may well confirm God's word to her. There should be no conflict.
Perhaps we need to define 'honour', 'submit' and 'subject'. I'm not offering... ;-) but have some scriptures to put into this discussion. Rom 12:10, for instance.
1 Peter 3:7 Likewise, ye husbands, dwell with [them] according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, and as being heirs together of the grace of life; that your prayers be not hindered.
In the above verse, Peter is clearly linking a man's attitude to his wife, to his priestly function. Paul also says
1 Tim 2:8 I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting.
Might the word [i]subject[/i] best applied within the concept of the husband as [i]king[/i] in his household? It probably goes well with Paul's
Eph 5:28 So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself. 29 For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as the Lord the church...
Whereas [i]submit[/i] is not as simple, as primarily, a wife, and a husband, are individually yoked with Jesus, and owe Him their first obedience at all times, most especially if it is in conflict with one's spouse - not the other way round! I believe there is rich blessing also, for the spouse who yields to the Lord's will for the other, if it can be received humbly, as His providence for both [i]equally[/i].
This is just as much a function of a husband building up a wife in the Lord, as a wife edifying her husband in the same way at all other times, recognising the spiritual leadership that God has given him, (if he holds Christ as his Head).
Matt 11:29 Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls. 30 For my yoke [is] easy, and my burden is light.
While I agree that parents are to be honoured, it is a great problem for husbands, if fathers have not released their daughters fully, so that whenever the daughter returns home, she finds the men competing for mastery over her compliance. This is probably something to do with the men, and their attitudes to each other, rather than the daughter - although she can definitely make things better or worse, depending on how [i]she[/i] deals with the crossfire.
It may be a subtle distinction, but there is an 'and' in 'honour and obey' which does not apply to fathers [i]per se[/i], but does apply to husbands (from a wife's point of view), just as a husband ought to 'honour and cherish' his wife, laying down his life for her as a sign of his love.
Perhaps, though, if a father knows the Lord, a couple together can choose to submit to his better judgement, if they are reaally stuck in a situation. It would be more ideal, though, if the husband would get God's mind on the matter, and lead his wife in this way, which will automatically attract the co-operation of a godly wife.