Hi dottiejean,
Thanks for your reply. I know a little about the historicist view that you were trying to explain. Actually starting from the 4th century and up to Reformation, it was the pravailing view of the Church. Even from reformation up to 19th century it was the most popular view.
The 1820s and 1830s have been a significant watershed in the history of eschatology. It is important to note that the futurist interpretation of the book of Revelation was deviced from a Jesuit doctor of theology Francisco Ribera in 1590, to counter act the reformers accusations that the pope was antichrist.
Later on in 1811 another fururistic book was secretly published in Spain under the Jewish pseudonym of Rabbi Juan Josaphat ben-Ezra. Its author was a Jesuit priest from Chile Manuel de Lacunza y Díaz, who was expelled from South America to Spain and then Italy.
The book was written after an intensive study of early Church Fathers, of the Bible commentators that were available to him and of the Scriptures and also as a result of him being a priest in exile and intellectually persecuted.
In 1819 "the Spanish Inquisition ordered that the book be removed from circulation" and in 1824 "Pope Leo XII placed it on the Index of Prohibited Books."
Robert Irving who was a minister of the Church of Scotland read the book, translated it from Castilian language and the book was published in 1827 in London. Lacunza's "ideas had greater influence on British premillennialism, and his influence may be traced in premillennialism's drift into Futurist Dispensationalism."
Darby's eschatology was influenced by that of Irving who himself owned much to his interpretation of the book of revelation to the ideas of Lacunza. But the original architect of fururistic method of interpretation of the book of Revelation was the Jesuit priest of the 16th century Franscisco Ribera.
It was John Nelson Darby and the Plymouth Brethren who drifted from historical Premillennialism of the early church and systematized the dispensationalistic view, that became popular among evangelicals.
One may ask, what about the early Church Fathers of post-apostolic age, what were their eschatological views? According to the facts from the 2nd century St. Justin Martyn and St. Irenaeus were both Premillenialists who believed in the restoration of the kingdom of Izrael at the Second Coming of Jesus and in 1000 years of his reign on earth as King. This Chiliastic view was popular in the 2nd century.
It was Papias the bishop of Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Turkey) to be the first post-biblical writer to describe the 1000 year visible kindgom of Christ. According to St.Irenaeus, Papias was "a hearer of John, and companion of Polycarp, a man of old time."
Even though Papias had some misunderstanding regarding the time of the Millennium reign of Christ. It was Justin Martyr and Irenaeus who chronologically placed the literal Millennium reign of Christ after the coming of Antichrist and the great tribulation. The influential church theologian Tertullian held also to the Chilistitic (Millenarian)view.
It should not be denied that during this time, there were other orthodox christians who thought differently, but the Chiliastic view was predominant among 2nd cent. Church Fathers.
The gradual shift from historic premillennialism to amillennialism started by the end of 2nd cent. and beginning od 3rd cent., with the early church theologian Clement of Alexadria and Origen. Clement was influenced by "Hellenistic philosophy to a greater extent than any other Christian thinker of his time, and in particular by Plato and the Stoics." He is considered to be the first christian writer to use the method of allegorical interpretation of Scriptures.
Origen who was his pupil developed more fully Clements ideas of allegorical interpretation. He was also much influenced by the writings of the hellenistic jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria who used an allegorical method for the interpretation of the bible(OT). As a result of his allegorical method of interpretation Origen denied a literal 1000 years of the reign of Christ and gave Millenium a spiritual or figurative interpretation.
Later on St. Augustine of Hipo systematized the amillennialism view, which later on became the official position of the Roman Catholic Church during the middle ages. So from Apostolic Millennium came the historic Premillennium and due to allegorical interpretation
of Millenium, Amillennium had become a prevailing view in the 4th century.
Blessings,
Redi
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