For a long time I read and understood Romans 8:1 as declaring our forgiveness and justification in Christ. That is 100% true. Later, I pondered how odd the timing and location of this statement is. The original Greek manuscripts had no chapter or verse markings. There is no end of thought between chapter 7 and chapter 8. The emphasis in chapter 7 is a regenerate man trying to live under the law by the "flesh" (relying on self-effort and determination) to live up to the law. He fails because of the weakness of his flesh. He groans in despair about his condition and failure. Chapter 8 emphasizes the answer to his dilemma by living according to the Spirit. I am not a Greek scholar but I recently found a discussion about this word condemnation that opened my eyes to what is being said. There are 2 Greek words that are translated into English as "condemnation". They are similar in spelling but each has a slightly nuanced meaning different from the other one.
Krima is the Greek word that means judicial guilt. "Guilty". Romans 8:1 is not talking about our forgiveness or justification in Christ.
Katakrima denotes the sentence handed down to the guilty party. Not just the sentence being pronounced but the actual serving the sentence. The condition endured, not just a judicial pronouncement. Condition instead of Position.
So when Paul says that there is no condemnation in Christ right after talking about the misery of his condition living according the the law of sin and death he is saying that he is not doomed to having to endure the tyranny of such an awful condition resulting from a life of sin and failure. The law of the Spirit of life has set him free, and not just judicially. The Spirit Himself gives the power of life to the new man to live a life suited to his new identity in Christ.
Forgiveness and justification and position in Christ were gone over in detail in chapters 4, 5, and 6. Chapters 7 and 8 are about Condition and experience.
I have to admit that I did not come to this realization on my own. I want to give credit to David Anderson in his book "Portraits of Righteousness". Below are quotations directly from his book:
Most translations rely on a Greek text that reads something like: There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus. Preachers typically use this verse as a guilt reducer, reminding us of our position "in Christ”: we have been completely forgiven of all our sins, past, present, and future (= justification). So when we still drag around a wheelbarrow full of guilt, we need to recall that there is no longer any condemnation; we should stop beating ourselves up. It preaches well. However, the internal evidence includes the intended meaning of the word translated "condemnation,” a word which we have already encountered in Romans 5:16 and 18. Does it mean condemnation to hell or something different from that?
2. The Technicality
The most reputable dictionary available on the Greek NT (BDAG) points out a critical difference between two words that play a key role in our understanding of 8:1 in light of 5:16 and 18:
Krima = the courtroom verdict (5:16a) ”” a statement of one’s legal standing or Position as a result of judgment (= "guilty”)
Katakrima\t= the sentence handed down (5:16a, 18a) ”” the Condition that results from the verdict (= incarceration leading to death)
The relationship between krima and katakrima in 5:16 establishes the meaning of katakrima in 8:1, where its use parallels 5:16, 18. The word krima denotes Adam’s "guilty” verdict (5:16a). To be consistent, if Paul had wanted to denote a sense of judicial condemnation in 8:1, he would have used the word krima. So Paul is not alluding to the judicial condemnation we escaped when Christ took on our sins, was found guilty, and died on our behalf. In what sense, then, do we escape condemnation if not by Christ’s judicial condemnation on our behalf?
It is not a statement of Position, but of Condition. We left our Position back in Romans 6. Truly, our Position in Christ is the basis for an abundant life (Rom 6:23). But the basis is not the building; the foundation is not the superstructure. So in Romans 7, Paul was addressing our miserable Condition as we serve the Sin Nature through a misdirected focus on law-keeping. If a Christian pursues life by reverting to the "flesh” in his present experience (6:19; 7:5, 14, 18, 25), the tyranny of his Sin Nature working through the flesh will incur katakrima ("penal servitude,” MM, 327”“28), for the wrath of God is poured out impartially against all sin (1:18). Our freedom in Position has already been won by Christ’s death (4:25a), but the man of 7:24 is still in a wretched, enslaved Condition because of the Law of the Flesh (7:25b).
So as we enter Romans 8, Paul anticipates his release from this slavery and praises Jesus Christ (7:25a), the One who delivers us from this Condition by his life (4:25b; 5:9”“10). Clearly, Paul is still dealing with our Condition, and the Spirit provides the key to releasing the Christian from his ongoing "penal servitude” according to the flesh. So just as Paul uses "walk” to advance from Position to Condition in Ephesians 4:1, he also uses "walk” in Romans 8:1”“4. And ”” just as in 6:19; 7:5, 14, 18, 25 ”” "the flesh” should be seen to refer to our continuing human inadequacy or "inability” inherited from Adam and carried forward in this present life (5:12, 19).
